Uhlalutyo olunzulu lwesicelo sePolycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) kwiShishini lokuCoca ngokuGcina

Isishwankathelo

I-Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC), edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-diamond composite, itshintshe kakhulu ishishini loomatshini bokuchwetheza ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yobunzima bayo obungaqhelekanga, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu. Eli phepha libonelela ngohlalutyo olunzulu lweempawu zezinto zePDC, iinkqubo zokuvelisa, kunye nezicelo eziphambili kwimishini yoomatshini bokuchwetheza ngokuchanekileyo. Ingxoxo igubungela indima yayo ekusikeni ngesantya esiphezulu, ukugaywa ngokuchanekileyo kakhulu, ukwenza i-micro-machining, kunye nokwenza izinto ze-aerospace. Ukongeza, imingeni efana neendleko eziphezulu zemveliso kunye nokuqhekeka kuyajongwana nayo, kunye neendlela zexesha elizayo kwitekhnoloji yePDC.

1. Intshayelelo

Umatshini wokulungisa ngokuchanekileyo ufuna izixhobo ezinobunzima obuphezulu, ukuqina, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu ukuze kufezekiswe ukuchaneka kwinqanaba le-micron. Izixhobo zesixhobo zemveli ezifana ne-tungsten carbide kunye nentsimbi ekhawulezayo zihlala zingaphumeleli kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto eziphambili ezifana nePolycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC). I-PDC, izinto ezisekwe kwidayimani ezenziweyo, ibonisa ukusebenza okungenakuthelekiswa nanto ekusetyenzweni kwezinto eziqinileyo nezibuthathaka, kubandakanya i-ceramics, i-composites, kunye neentsimbi eziqinileyo.

Eli phepha lihlola iimpawu ezisisiseko zePDC, iindlela zayo zokwenza imveliso, kunye nefuthe layo eliguqulayo kwimishini echanekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, lihlola imingeni ekhoyo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe bePDC kwixesha elizayo.

2. Iimpawu zezinto zePDC

I-PDC inomaleko wedayimani ye-polycrystalline (PCD) ebotshelelwe kwi-tungsten carbide substrate phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu (HPHT). Iimpawu eziphambili ziquka:

2.1 Ukuqina Okugqithisileyo kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka

Idayimani yeyona nto inzima kakhulu eyaziwayo (ubulukhuni beMohs yi-10), nto leyo eyenza iPDC ilungele ukukhanda izinto ezirhabaxa.

Ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kwandisa ubomi bezixhobo, kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwemishini echanekileyo.

2.2 Ukuqhuba Okuphezulu Kobushushu

Ukuchithwa kobushushu ngokufanelekileyo kuthintela ukuguqulwa kobushushu ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemishini ngesantya esiphezulu.

Inciphisa ukuguguleka kwezixhobo kwaye iphucula ukugqitywa komphezulu.

2.3 Uzinzo lweeKhemikhali

Ayimelani neempendulo zeekhemikhali ezisebenzisa izinto zentsimbi nezingeyontsimbi.

Inciphisa ukonakala kwezixhobo kwiindawo ezidlakadlaka.

2.4 Ukuqina Kokwaphuka Kwamathambo

I-tungsten carbide substrate yonyusa ukumelana neempembelelo, inciphisa ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka.

3. Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-PDC

Ukuveliswa kwePDC kubandakanya amanyathelo aliqela abalulekileyo:

3.1 Ukwenziwa koMpuphu weDayimani

Amasuntswana edayimani adibeneyo aveliswa nge-HPHT okanye nge-chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

3.2 Inkqubo yokuHluza

Umgubo wedayimani uxutywa kwi-substrate ye-tungsten carbide phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu (5–7 GPa) kunye nobushushu (1,400–1,600°C).

I-catalyst yesinyithi (umz., i-cobalt) yenza kube lula ukubopha phakathi kwedayimani nedayimani.

3.3 Ukucwangciswa emva kokusetyenzwa  

I-laser okanye i-electric discharge machining (EDM) isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-PDC ibe zizixhobo zokusika.

Unyango oluphezulu luphucula ukunamathela kwaye lunciphisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo.

4. Izicelo kwi-Precision Machining

4.1 Ukusikwa Ngesantya Esiphezulu Kwezinto Ezingenasinyithi

Izixhobo zePDC zigqwesile ekulungiseni i-aluminium, i-copper, kunye ne-carbon fiber composites.

Usetyenziso kwizithuthi (umatshini wepiston) kunye ne-elektroniki (ukugaya i-PCB).

4.2 Ukusila Okuchanekileyo Kakhulu Kweenxalenye Zokukhanya

Isetyenziswa ekwenzeni iilensi nezipili kwi-laser kunye neeteleskopu.

Ifikelela kwi-sub-micron surface roughness (Ra < 0.01 µm).

4.3 Umatshini Omncinane Wezixhobo Zezonyango

Ii-PDC micro-drills kunye nee-end mills zivelisa iimpawu ezintsonkothileyo kwizixhobo zotyando kunye nee-implants.

4.4 Umatshini weCandelo leeNqwelo-moya  

Umatshini wokwenza i-titanium alloys kunye ne-CFRP (ii-carbon fiber-reinforced polymers) ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezixhobo.

4.5 Iiceramics eziPhambili kunye neMishini yeNsimbi eQinisiweyo

I-PDC idlula i-cubic boron nitride (CBN) kwi-machining silicon carbide kunye ne-tungsten carbide.

5. Imingeni kunye nokuNciphiswa kweMida

5.1 Iindleko zeMveliso eziphezulu

Iindleko zokwenziwa kwe-HPHT kunye nezinto zedayimani zithintela ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi.

5.2 Uburhabaxa Ekusikeni Okuphazamisekileyo

Izixhobo zePDC zidla ngokuqhekeka xa kulungiswa iindawo ezingashukumiyo.

5.3 Ukuwohloka kobushushu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu

Ukufakelwa kwegrafiti kwenzeka ngaphezulu kwama-700°C, nto leyo ethintela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezomileyo xa kusetyenzwa izinto zentsimbi.

5.4 Ukuhambelana okulinganiselweyo neentsimbi zeFerrous

Iimpendulo zeekhemikhali ngentsimbi zikhokelela ekugugeni ngokukhawuleza.

6. Iindlela Ezintsha NezobuGcisa Zexesha Elizayo  

6.1 I-PDC Enesakhiwo Esincinci

Ukufakwa kweenkozo ze-nano-diamond kwandisa ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka.

6.2 Izixhobo zeHybrid PDC-CBN

Ukudibanisa i-PDC kunye ne-cubic boron nitride (CBN) kwi-ferrous metal machining.

6.3 Ukwenziwa Kwezixhobo Zokongeza zePDC  

Ukuprinta kwe-3D kwenza ukuba i-geometries ezintsonkothileyo zikwazi ukwenza izisombululo zoomatshini ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.

6.4 Iingubo eziPhambili

Iingubo ezifana nedayimani (DLC) ziyabuphucula ngakumbi ubomi besixhobo.

7. Isiphelo

I-PDC ibe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwe-machining ngokuchanekileyo, inikezela ngokusebenza okungenakuthelekiswa nanto ekusikeni ngesantya esiphezulu, ekugayweni ngokuchanekileyo kakhulu, nakwi-micro-machining. Nangona kukho imingeni efana neendleko eziphezulu kunye nokubuthathaka, ukuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwisayensi yezinto eziphathekayo kunye neendlela zokwenza izinto kuthembisa ukwandisa usetyenziso lwayo ngakumbi. Uyilo olutsha lwexesha elizayo, kuquka i-PDC eyakhiwe ngendlela encinci kunye noyilo lwezixhobo ezixutyiweyo, luya kuqinisa indima yalo kubuchwepheshe bokusebenza kwe-machining besizukulwana esilandelayo.