Ukuguga kobushushu kunye nokususwa kwe-cobalt ye-PDC

I. Ukuguga kobushushu kunye nokususwa kwe-cobalt ye-PDC

Kwinkqubo yokusila yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwePDC, i-cobalt isebenza njengesikhuthazi sokukhuthaza ukudibana ngokuthe ngqo kwedayimani kunye nedayimani, kwaye yenze umaleko wedayimani kunye ne-tungsten carbide matrix zibe yinto epheleleyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amazinyo okusika ePDC afaneleke ukugrumba i-oilfield geological ngokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka okugqwesileyo,

Ukumelana nobushushu bedayimani kuncinci kakhulu. Phantsi koxinzelelo lomoya, umphezulu wedayimani unokuguquka kumaqondo obushushu amalunga ne-900℃ okanye ngaphezulu. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ii-PDC zemveli zidla ngokuwohloka malunga ne-750℃. Xa zigqobhoza kwiindawo eziqinileyo nezirhabaxa, ii-PDC zinokufikelela lula kolu bushushu ngenxa yobushushu obunokukhuhlana, kwaye ubushushu obukhawulezileyo (oko kukuthi, ubushushu bendawo kwinqanaba le-microscopic) bunokuba phezulu nangakumbi, budlule kakhulu kwinqanaba lokunyibilika kwe-cobalt (1495°C).

Xa kuthelekiswa nedayimani ecocekileyo, ngenxa yokubakho kwe-cobalt, idayimani iguquka ibe yi-graphite kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuguguleka kwedayimani kubangelwa yi-graphitization ebangelwa bubushushu bokungqubana kwendawo. Ukongeza, i-coefficient yokwandiswa kobushushu ye-cobalt iphezulu kakhulu kuneyedayimani, ngoko ke ngexesha lokufudumeza, ukubopha phakathi kweenkozo zedayimani kunokuphazamiseka kukwanda kwe-cobalt.

Ngo-1983, abaphandi ababini benza unyango lokususa idayimani kumphezulu weeleya zedayimani zePDC eziqhelekileyo, nto leyo eyaphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwamazinyo ePDC. Nangona kunjalo, olu vumbululo aluzange lufumane ngqalelo lufaneleyo. Kwadlula emva konyaka ka-2000 apho, ngokuqonda okunzulu kweeleya zedayimani zePDC, abathengisi bemigodi baqala ukusebenzisa obu buchwephesha kumazinyo ePDC asetyenziswa ekubholeni amatye. Amazinyo aphathwe ngale ndlela afanelekile kwiindlela ezirhabaxa kakhulu ezinobunzima obukhulu boomatshini kwaye adla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngamazinyo “asuswe i-cobalted”.

Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-"de-cobalt" kwenziwa ngendlela yendabuko yokwenza i-PDC, uze emva koko umphezulu womaleko wayo wedayimani untywiliswe kwi-asidi enamandla ukususa isigaba se-cobalt ngenkqubo yokugrumba i-asidi. Ubunzulu bokususwa kwe-cobalt bungafikelela kwi-200 microns.

Uvavanyo lokuguguleka olunzima lwenziwe kumazinyo amabini afanayo ePDC (elinye lawo lalisuswe i-cobalt kumphezulu womaleko wedayimani). Emva kokunqumla i-granite engama-5000m, kwafunyaniswa ukuba izinga lokuguguleka kwePDC engasuswanga i-cobalt laqala ukunyuka kakhulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iPDC esuswe i-cobalt yagcina isantya sokusika esizinzileyo ngelixa inqumla malunga ne-15000m yamatye.

2. Indlela yokufumanisa i-PDC

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuchonga amazinyo e-PDC, ezizezi uvavanyo olutshabalalisayo novavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo.

1. Uvavanyo olutshabalalisayo

Ezi mvavanyo zenzelwe ukulinganisa iimeko zomngxuma ongaphantsi komhlaba kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze kuvavanywe ukusebenza kokusikwa kwamazinyo phantsi kwezi meko. Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zovavanyo olutshabalalisayo ziimvavanyo zokuxhathisa ukuguguleka kunye novavanyo lokuxhathisa impembelelo.

(1) Uvavanyo lokumelana nokunxiba

Zintathu iintlobo zezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ukwenza uvavanyo lokumelana nokuguguleka kwePDC:

A. I-lathe ethe nkqo (VTL)

Ngexesha lovavanyo, qala ulungise i-PDC bit kwi-VTL lathe uze ubeke isampuli yelitye (ngesiqhelo i-granite) ecaleni kwe-PDC bit. Emva koko ujikelezise isampuli yelitye ujikeleze i-lathe axis ngesantya esithile. I-PDC bit inqumla isampuli yelitye enobunzulu obuthile. Xa usebenzisa i-granite kuvavanyo, obu bunzulu bokusika ngokubanzi bungaphantsi kwe-1 mm. Olu vavanyo lunokuba lomile okanye lumanzi. "Kuvavanyo lwe-VTL elomileyo," xa i-PDC bit inqumla ilitye, akukho kupholisa kusetyenziswayo; bonke ubushushu bokungqubana obuveliswayo bungena kwi-PDC, bukhawulezisa inkqubo ye-graphitization yedayimani. Le ndlela yovavanyo ivelisa iziphumo ezigqwesileyo xa kuvavanywa ii-PDC bits phantsi kweemeko ezifuna uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokubhola okanye isantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza.

"Uvavanyo lwe-VTL olumanzi" lubona ubomi be-PDC phantsi kweemeko zokufudumeza eziphakathi ngokupholisa amazinyo e-PDC ngamanzi okanye ngomoya ngexesha lovavanyo. Ke ngoko, umthombo ophambili wokuguguleka kolu vavanyo kukugaywa kwesampulu yelitye endaweni yento yokufudumeza.

B, ilathe ethe tye

Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngegranite, kwaye umgaqo wovavanyo ufana kakhulu ne-VTL. Ixesha lovavanyo yimizuzu embalwa kuphela, kwaye ukutshayiswa kobushushu phakathi kwamazinyo egranite kunye ne-PDC kuncinci kakhulu.

Iiparameter zovavanyo lwegranite ezisetyenziswa ngababoneleli bezixhobo zePDC ziya kwahluka. Umzekelo, iiparameter zovavanyo ezisetyenziswa yiSynthetic Corporation kunye neDI Company eMelika azifani ncam, kodwa zisebenzisa izinto ezifanayo zegranite kwiimvavanyo zazo, ilitye elirhabaxa ukuya kweliphakathi eline-polycrystalline igneous rock eline-porosity encinci kakhulu kunye namandla acinezelweyo e-190MPa.

C. Isixhobo sokulinganisa umlinganiselo we-Abrasion

Phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo, umaleko wedayimani wePDC usetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ivili lokusila lesilicon carbide, kwaye umlinganiselo wesantya sokuguguleka kwevili lokusila kunye nesantya sokuguguleka sePDC uthathwa njengesalathisi sokuguguleka sePDC, esibizwa ngokuba yi-wear ratio.

(2) Uvavanyo lokuxhathisa impembelelo

Indlela yokuvavanya impembelelo ibandakanya ukufaka amazinyo e-PDC kwi-engile ye-15-25 degrees uze uwise into ukusuka kubude obuthile ukuze ubethe umaleko wedayimani kumazinyo e-PDC ngokuthe nkqo. Ubunzima kunye nokuphakama kwento ewayo kubonisa inqanaba lamandla empembelelo elifunyanwa lizinyo lovavanyo, elinokunyuka kancinci ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 joules. Izinyo ngalinye linokuphazamiseka amaxesha ama-3-7 de lingakwazi ukuvavanywa ngakumbi. Ngokubanzi, ubuncinane iisampulu ezili-10 zohlobo ngalunye lwezinyo ziyavavanywa kwinqanaba ngalinye lamandla. Ekubeni kukho uluhlu lokumelana kwamazinyo nempembelelo, iziphumo zovavanyo kwinqanaba ngalinye lamandla yindawo ephakathi yokuqhekeka kwedayimani emva kwempembelelo yezinyo ngalinye.

2. Uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo

Eyona ndlela yokuvavanya engonakalisiyo esetyenziswa kakhulu (ngaphandle kokuhlolwa ngokubona nangokusebenzisa i-microscope) yi-ultrasound scanning (Cscan).

Itekhnoloji yokuskena ye-C iyakwazi ukubona iziphene ezincinci kwaye imisele indawo kunye nobukhulu beziphene. Xa usenza olu vavanyo, qala ubeke izinyo le-PDC kwitanki yamanzi, uze uskene nge-ultrasonic probe;

Eli nqaku liphinde lashicilelwa ukusuka ku-“Inethiwekhi yeHlabathi yokuSebenza ngeNsimbi“